Overall, mouse models are more representative of human inherited genetic cancer syndromes, (e.g., familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP, Apc mutations), Lynch syndrome (mismatch repair mutations such as MLH1), breast cancer (Brca1, Brca2), familial endocrine and neural tumor syndromes, (e.g., neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) than sporadic human cancers that account for the great majority (perhaps up to 90%) of human cancers and cancer deaths. Here, APC is linked to cancer.