TNF and Alzheimer disease: In this sense, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from AD patients showed higher levels of pro-inflammatory, as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines, including eotaxin, IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-15, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), TNF-α and platelet-derived growth factor [63].