TGF-β elevation in the aqueous humor of glaucomatous eyes and the elevated intraocular pressure, trabecular meshwork (TM) obstruction, and extracellular matrix remodeling at the optic nerve head imply that dysfunctional TGF-β signaling could be involved, at least in part, in the pathology of glaucoma [226]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and glaucoma.