Genetic studies have shown that immune responses play an important role in IPF, which is associated with polymorphisms in immune-related genes that encode toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), TOLLIP, and IL-1 receptor antagonists (IL-1RA), and with increased disease risk or severity [57,118,119,120]. The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.