VCAM1 and cancer: On one hand, TNF-α promotes cancer cells survival by activating TNFRs, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) and altering the protein complex I and II (complex I consists of TRADD, TRAF2 and RIP and Complex II that consists of TRADD, RIP, FADD and caspase-8) as described above [32,33].