Nox1 and Nox2 subunits, in particular Nox2, are closely related to vascular inflammation and have been involved in oxidative stress in insulin resistant states, obesity and atherosclerosis, wherein a chronic low-grade vascular inflammation is associated with the redox-sensitive NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway [45]. Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.