Nox2 (gp91phox), the classical pro-inflammatory NADPH oxidase primarily found in phagocytic cells, is up-regulated in the vascular wall and greatly contributes to arterial oxidative stress and ED in metabolic disturbances such as diabetes, obesity and other insulin-resistant states in coronary, cerebral and systemic arteries [42] and also in intrarenal arteries from genetically obese rats [6]. This evidence concerns the gene CYBB and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.