CCL2 and Insulin resistance: In an animal study by Hosokawa, Miyashita, Nishikawa, Emi, Tsukui, Beppu, Okada and Miyashita [123], dietary fucoxanthin inhibited the expression levels of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines mRNA (TNF-α and MCP-1) associated to insulin resistance, resulting in over-inflammation of the liver.