CD68 and hyperlipidemia: Our RT-PCR results showed that the levels of M1-polarizing markers (CD68 and CD86) were increased, whereas M2 marker expression levels (Arg1 and Ym1) were decreased in HFD+2-VO rats (Fig. 5e–h), suggesting that phenotypic changes occurred in microglia, ranging from anti-inflammatory M2 to pro-inflammatory M1 under hypoperfusion and hyperlipidemia conditions.