GFAP and Alzheimer disease: However, post-mortem findings in this field are very mixed with many studies reporting no association between TBI and Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological change, including CERAD score,82–84 Thal phase83 and Braak stage.82–84 Postupna et al. 29 additionally quantified the levels of paired helical filament tau, ß-amyloid 1–42, α-synuclein, phosphorylated TDP-43 as well as markers of inflammation (Iba1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein) in various brain regions of a large post-mortem cohort and found no association between TBI and these measures.