Pharmacological activation of GIPRs is anticipated to produce therapeutic effects regarding energy metabolism in peripheral tissues, whereas the chronic use of long-acting GIPR agonists did not reduce body weight.44–46 Synergistic activation of GIP/GLP-1R produced higher therapeutic efficacy for T2D, leading to a greater body weight reduction, compared with GIP or GLP-1 alone.43 Reinforced suppression of calorie intake, accompanied by a gradual increase in energy consumption, produces a reduction in body weight. Here, GIPR is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.