TNF and glioma: As shown in Figure 3B, downregulation of HECA in AC16 cells significantly affected multiple signaling pathways, including TNF, JAK–STAT, cytokine interaction, MAPK, axon guidance, PI3K‐Akt, glioma, and other signaling pathways, among which JAK–STAT, MAPK, and PI3K‐Akt are closely related to cell proliferation and migration.