Age (β = 0.323, p < 0.001), IGF-1 (β = − 0.219, p = 0.011), osteoporosis (β = 0.273, p = 0.002), and osteoarthritis (β = 0.339, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the Locomo-25 score (Table 2). Here, IGF1 is linked to osteoporosis.