Kettunen et al. (2004) showed that the HMGA1 gene is commonly up-regulated in both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of NSCLC, and Sarhadi et al. (2006) detected HMGA1 protein in a high proportion of lung cancer tumors irrespective of the histological type. The gene discussed is HMGA1; the disease is squamous cell carcinoma.