TGFB1 and cancer: In advanced stages of cancer, TGF‐β secreted by tumor cells and tumor‐associated macrophages induce tumor invasion, metastasis, and fibrosis.[12] More seriously, TGF‐β is a crucial physiological immunosuppressor in humans.[13] The immunosuppressive response to TGF‐β allows tumors to evade the anticancer immune response.