While the primary mechanism of action of BV is targeted delivery of MMAE to CD30-expressing tumor cells, the direct cytotoxicity associated with BV is hypothesized to be augmented by the bystander effect, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, immunogenic cell death (ICD), and/or depletion of regulatory T cells.9,27-32 These alternative mechanisms of action would not require CD30 expression on all targeted cells. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF8 and neoplasm.