TGFB1 and Hyperglycemia: Conversely, overexpression of H19 leads to a reduction in TGF-β1 levels and can thereby prevent the hyperglycemia-induced EndoMT by blocking the TGF-β-mediated activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway via extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 (Figure 3A) [51].