The PARALS cohort was also important for estimating the frequency of familial ALS and SOD1 mutations in Northern Italy, which turned out to be overestimated not only in clinical-based cohorts, but also of others ALS-related genes, with the risk of harbouring a causing mutation being driven by a positive family history for ALS and/or FTD, presence of comorbid FTD and younger age of onset of the disease [50]. Here, SOD1 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.