TNF and hepatocellular carcinoma: As indicated before, Ke et al. [89] found an immunosuppressive effect of circ-UHRF1 in inducing NK exhaustion and inhibiting IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion, thus causing anti-PD-1 resistance in HCC via miR-449c-5p/TIM3, which reveals an interplay between exosomes and immune evasion through circRNAs.