Considering the negative regulation of PURα on the mRNA translation of IGFBP3 in the cytoplasm and the effect of IGFBP3 on tumor progression [45–47], we hypothesized that cytoplasmic PURα plays an oncogenic role by inhibiting the mRNA translation of IGFBP3 in ESCC. The gene discussed is IGFBP3; the disease is neoplasm.