Sepsis plasma which lowered neutrophil half-life below 1000 min, or HD plasma complemented with recombinant histone H3 and G-CSF, increased the surface expression of CD11b, CD15, CD16, CD66b, CD10, CD101 and PD-L1 and these markers may enable the monitoring of lifespan modulation in patient blood (Fig. 10g, Supplementary Fig. 12b). Here, CSF3 is linked to Sepsis.