TGFB1 and systemic sclerosis: Examining SSc macrophage cell gene expression at baseline correlating with mRSS showed altered metabolic pathways: oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, sirtuin, and protein ubiquitination pathways; and showed dysregulated immune pathways: interferon, phagosome formation and maturation, Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis in macrophages and monocytes, IL-8, TGF-β signaling, Th1, Th2, and Th17 pathways (Supplemental Figure 9A).