CRYAB and heart failure: Autophagy was also reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of other types of MFMs; the CryAB R120G mutation (CryABR120G) increases autophagic activity, and genetic inactivation of autophagy aggravates heart failure in CryABR120G mice (Tannous et al., 2008), while enhanced autophagy ameliorates protein aggregation in CryABR120G mice (Bhuiyan et al., 2013).