Compared with the NC group, the offspring from mNC that was delivered by C-section and underwent mHF fostering (the NC-CS-CF group) exhibited impaired insulin sensitivity (Fig. 4d), and serum insulin levels in the NC-CS-CF group were higher than those in the NC-CF group (p<0.05) (Fig. S4), suggesting that the effect of the combination of the two blocking methods was stronger than that of either individually. This evidence concerns the gene INS and cystic fibrosis.