STAT3 and posterior cortical atrophy: In contrast, AKT and STAT3 were inhibited in macrophages treated with PCa supernatant after the GW4869 treatment, suggesting that GW4869 inhibited the activation of the AKT (2B4-GW4869 vs. 2B4-exo-Mφ, p = 0.0182; 1E8-GW4869 vs. 1E8-exo-Mφ, p = 0.0092) and STAT3 (2B4-GW4869 vs. 2B4-exo-Mφ, p < 0.0001; 1E8-GW4869 vs. 1E8-exo-Mφ, p = 0.0005) signaling pathways by reducing the secretion of PCa exosomes (Fig. 5).