CXCR4 and acute myeloid leukemia: Furthermore, the CXCR4 antagonist induces the apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, and this apoptosis is mediated by the upregulation of miR-15a/miR-16-1, which results in the downregulation of the target genes cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 [33].