The top canonical pathways of Cluster 1 included pancreatic cancer initiation pathways, including SPINK1 Pancreatic Cancer Pathway48, and multiple normal pancreatic function related pathways (Fig. 5A,C), including FXR/RXR Activation49,50, Apelin Adipocyte Signaling Pathway51,52 and Retinol Biosynthesis53,54. Here, SPINK1 is linked to pancreatic neoplasm.