As a final method of confirming that the lack of IRGs specifically affected intracellular parasites, we bred Irgm1/3 KO mice to Cre reporter mice to yield mice homozygous for the Cre reporter construct and that lack both Irgm1 and Irgm3. We then generated neuronal cultures, which we stimulated with vehicle or IFN-γ, followed by infection with II-GCre parasites. Here, IRGM is linked to infection.