Patients with ≤2 aneuploidies (n = 233, 11%), enriched for “MDS-related”16,17 cytogenetic abnormalities clustered with secondary AML type mutations (sAML)16 such as SRSF2, SF3B1, U2AF1, ZRSR2, ASXL1, EZH2, BCOR, or STAG2, as well as novelly described here, RUNX1, SETBP1, and MLLPTD mutations. The gene discussed is U2AF1; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.