Since ATO also functions as a pro-oxidant factor, in a second study, Noguera et al. (2017) tested the effects of ascorbate in combination with ATO on AML and APL primary blasts and cell lines, including NB4, NB4-R4, NB4-ATO-R, and MV4-11 [AML-M5 derived cell line with t(4;11) and FLT3-ITD mutations], showing a synergistic effect. This evidence concerns the gene FLT3 and acute myeloid leukemia.