This implies that these circRNAs were responsible for toning down the expected expressional changes of ZBED1 and ASMTL. While the transcription factor ZBED1 has been reported to be involved in proliferation and viral infection, little is known about ASMTL (Yamashita et al., 2007; Radko et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene ZBED1 and viral infectious disease.