To address these gaps in the literature, we examined the relationship of plasma level of apolipoproteins profiles including apoA-I, apoA-II, apoB, apoC-II, apoC-III, and apoE, and the ratios of apoB/apoA-I, apoB/Non–HDL-C, apoC-II/apoC-III, apoA-II/apoA-I, and apoE/apoC-II with type 2 diabetes (no DR) and DR. This evidence concerns the gene APOA1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.