Some studies have shown that in circulating monocytes, both TLR2 and TLR4 in patients with T1D and LADA are unregulated (67, 95–99), while others have shown that TLR4 expression in T1D is downregulated (100, 101), and the expression level of TLR4 in LADA CD14+ cells is higher than that in T1D (102). Here, TLR4 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.