The observation that C3a/C3aR axis inhibition alone does not result in complete tumor regression of pancreatic cancer is consistent with the literature suggesting that although NK cells are capable of complete eradication of hematopoietic malignancies, they are unable to eradicate solid tumors including in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer (41–44). Here, C3AR1 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.