(94) built models based on the methylation state of three mucin genes (MUC1, MUC2, and MUC4), and they found that their model outperformed tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and age in predicting OS and can be used to supplement the TNM staging system’s prognostic value. Here, MUC4 is linked to metastatic malignant neoplasm in the lymph nodes.