AR and Stroke: Whilst Dax-1 regulates a variety of other functions relevant to stroke (e.g., progesterone and androgen receptors; Jadhav et al., 2011), we attribute, at least in part, these in vivo effects to the local production of 17β-estradiol of the implanted cells as these manipulated cells have increased 17β-estradiol production when cultured in vitro.