NC: logistic regression was not calculated due to too little variability in the study population; UTC: logistic regression was unable to be calculated due to perfection separation, i.e., one group having 0% or 100% of that variable; OR: odds ratio; BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers; CI: confidence interval. This evidence concerns the gene ACE and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.