BRAF and melanoma: BRAF mutations are reported in 6%–8% of all kinds of human cancers, including 50–80% of melanoma, ∼100% of hairy cell leukemia, 45% of papillary thyroid carcinoma, and 11% of colorectal cancer (Davies et al., 2002; Fransén et al., 2004; Ahmadzadeh et al., 2014).