TNF and infection: Whereas cytokine levels 6 hours after infection between MMF-treated mice and control mice were comparable, we observed that 24 hours after infection, all measured cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL12p70, KC and IL-10) were at a significantly lower level in MMF-treated mice, as compared with untreated mice (levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL12p70, KC and IL-10 are represented in Figure 4).