VCAM1 and endometriosis: Regardless of whether the observed disorders are caused by epigenetic factors or DNA sequence changes, the immune landscape in endometriosis interacts with T cells through overproduction of prostaglandins (PGE2), metalloproteinases (MMP-2, -3, -9), cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-8, IFNγ, MCP-1, and MIF) and adhesive molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1) (221).