TNF and infection: We found that HIV Env specific IFNγ and TNFα producing CD8 T cell responses directly correlated (p=0.02 and 0.003 respectively) with delayed SHIV acquisition in both groups, while total SHIV-specific IFNγ producing CD4 T cell responses indirectly correlated with delayed acquisition of infection but only in the DM-150 group (Figure 6E).