We found that the vast majority of IGF regulators were upregulated in various cancers, such as HRAS and YWHAZ in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), SHC1 in kidney cancer, PRKCZ in bladder cancer (BLCA) and in breast cancer (BRCA), and NCK2 in cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) (Figure 1A). Here, HRAS is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.