In sharp contrast, in models of autoimmunity, e.g., murine models of SLE (134, 135), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (136), collagen-induced arthritis (122, 137), Sjögren’s syndrome-like sialadenitis (138), and inflammatory bowel disease (139), anti-CD137 antibody treatment leads to immunoregulation and disease amelioration. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF9 and systemic lupus erythematosus.