To identify differences in the biological pathway activities of the two groups, we employed GSVA to determine that BC cases with TP53 mutation exhibit enrichment of energy metabolism (galactose metabolism, and pentose phosphate pathway), amino acid metabolism (methionine and cysteine), and immunologic function (natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity), as compared to those without TP53 mutation (Figure 1D, Supplementary Table 2). Here, TP53 is linked to breast cancer.