Although the biological function of HLA-F has not been investigated in the same detail or as broadly as HLA-G, HLA-F alleles and HLA-F gene expression were identified to be involved with pathological and physiological processes such as viral infection, glioblastoma, alloimmunization in pregnancy, and autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and breast cancer (28–32). Here, HLA-G is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.