Quercetin-induced autophagy contributes to apoptosis via SIRT1/AMPK pathway in lung cancer cells (226), moreover, quercetin inhibits apoptosis and attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration by promoting SIRT1-dependent autophagy (227), as well as improve MI/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway (146), and regulate autophagy and mitochondrial ROS homeostasis via Nrf2/PGC-1α/SIRT1 pathway in sodium iodate-induced retinal damage (228). Here, PPARGC1A is linked to Intervertebral disk degeneration.