CTSL and colorectal carcinoma: This study revealed the molecular mechanisms of nodosin against CRC: 1) Downregulation of TRIB3 and upregulation of OSGIN1 to induce oxidative stress in cells; 2) Elevation of HMOX1 expression to induce apoptosis; 3) Upregulation of CTSL and LC3 expression to trigger autophagy (As shown in Figure 7).