TPMT and inflammatory bowel disease: The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) suggested that TPMT deficiency was detected by identifying TPMT allele variants or TPMT phenotypes associated with the inactivation of AZA active metabolites and gave strong dose recommendations for the use of AZA in IBD patients (Relling et al., 2011; Woillard et al., 2017).