Similar to the KEYNOTE-189 and IMpower130 trials (Gandhi et al., 2018b; West et al., 2019), the RATIONALE 304 trial was also designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of adding a PD-1 inhibitor to conventional chemotherapy in NSCLC patients without sensitizing EGFR or ALK mutations. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma.