CCN2 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Furthermore, compounds, such as pamrevlumab that block the activity of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) or idebenone that neutralizes reactive oxidative species (ROS) in the mitochondria, could address the fibrosis and oxidative stress aspects of DMD pathology (Jaber and Polster, 2015; Richeldi et al., 2020).