Subsequently, the risk score of PAAD patients in the training cohort was calculated according to the following formula: Risk score = [(−0.003993857) × Expression value of JMJD6] + [(−0.010590801) × Expression value of NDST1] + [(−0.090216539) × Expression value of ENO3]+[0.00552938 × Expression value of LDHA] + [0.085804528 × Expression value of TES] + [(−0.021876003) × Expression value of ANKZF1] + [(−0.040066157) × Expression value of CITED2] + [0.114809344 × Expression value of SIAH2]. Here, NDST1 is linked to pancreatic adenocarcinoma.